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来源：乐乐彩平台2023-09-18 17:48

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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

大陆要求台湾食品企业交出“机密配方”？国台办回应******

　　中新网1月11日电针对台“食药署”声称大陆刁难台湾食品企业注册，国台办发言人马晓光11日回应指出，这本来就是个单纯的企业注册问题，解决起来并不难。民进党当局不积极帮助企业妥善处理相关事宜？不能不令人怀疑他们是在将经贸问题政治化，将简单问题复杂化。

　　11日，国台办举行例行新闻发布会。有记者提问：据关于台湾食品企业注册，台“食药署”声称是大陆在刁难，要求台湾业者交出“机密配方”，请问对此有何评论？台湾业者如何能够重新申请通过？

　　对此，马晓光表示，自去年12月上旬以来，国台办发言人先后三次通过书面新闻稿就此说明情况，澄清事实，驳斥民进党当局政治操弄。马晓光并就此再说明四点：

　　第一，大陆发布《进口食品境外生产企业注册管理规定》(海关总署第248号令)，适用于所有国家和地区向大陆境内出口食品的生产、加工、贮存企业的注册管理。该规定优化了注册程序，对不同类别境外生产企业实施分类管理，明确了企业主体责任和所在地主管部门监管责任，旨在保障进口食品安全。一言以蔽之，这么做是为了保障进口食品安全和消费者的健康权益。不仅根据世贸组织有关规则进行了通报，也通报了台湾方面。根据这一规定，台湾食品生产企业应补充完善相关注册信息。这不是禁止台湾食品企业产品输入，更不是民进党所说的“贸易障碍”“歧视待遇”。

　　第二，台湾食品生产企业应提供的注册信息，与其他境外企业是一致的，其中按要求填报的原料配料相关信息，是为了保障进口食品安全和消费者权益，不存在所谓要求交出“机密配方”的问题。这些信息不会对外公布，不会影响企业权益。事实上，迄今为止也没有发生过这样的情况。

　　第三，台湾部分企业目前暂未获得注册，主要原因就是提供的注册信息不完整不规范。虽然我们通告的期限到了，但只要按要求完善注册信息，经审核合格后依然可以向大陆出口产品。据了解，目前一些台湾食品生产企业已经补充了注册材料，有关主管部门正在进行审核，对于符合要求的，将予以注册。

　　第四，这本来就是个单纯的企业注册问题，解决起来并不难。岛内媒体已经指出，是有人故意把它变成了“罗生门”。令人不解的是，为何在有充裕时间的情况下，民进党当局不积极帮助企业妥善处理相关事宜？不能不令人怀疑他们是在将经贸问题政治化，将简单问题复杂化。

　　（文图：赵筱尘巫邓炎）

[责编：天天中]

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